Tag: defensive

Mojave Rattlesnake Defensive Crawl

Posted on by Bryan Hughes

A Mojave Rattlesnake on the crawl after a wet night in southeastern Arizona. It’s moving laterally, hissing and watching the perceived predator with the camera, but not rattling. As this species often does, instead, it curls its tail and “wags” it slowly as a display. Prairie Rattlesnakes, notably, will often do this tail-curling behavior instead of rattling.

This guided retreat, where the snake moves laterally to cover while keeping the business end pointed forward, causes a lot of confusion with observers. For one, it’s not always a straight line away, but to cover. That cover can be a vehicle, bushes, or a cast shadow … including from the person watching it. This, and confirmation bias from decades of beloved folklore, contribute to the many tall tales about Mojave Rattlesnakes.

  1. Greene, H. W., & May, P. G. (2002). Parental behavior by vipers. In G. W. Schuett, M. Höggren, M. E. Douglas, & H. W. Greene (Eds.), Biology of the Vipers (pp. 179–205). Eagle Mountain Publishing.
  2. Cardwell, M. D. (2013). Behavioral changes by Mohave rattlesnakes (Crotalus scutulatus) in response to drought. California State University, Sacramento.
  3. Maag, D. W., Francioli, Y. Z., Goetz, M. T. H., & Sanders, L. N. (2025). Variation in defensive and exploratory behaviors across a rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus × viridis) hybrid zone in Southwestern New Mexico. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 2345. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96155-8
  4. Calvete, J. J., Massey, D. J., Sánchez, E. E., Sanz, L., & Bush, S. P. (2012). Venom variability and envenoming severity outcomes of the Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus (Mojave rattlesnake) from Southern Arizona. Toxicon, 60(9), 802–810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.06.004

Western Diamondback Rattlesnake Warning

Posted on by Bryan Hughes

A Western Diamondback Rattlesnake communicating with me in the same way it does with any of the many predators that it fears. He stands up as tall as he can, hissing, rattling, and making the idea of coming any closer a decidedly bad idea.

What it isn’t doing: showing aggression. This behavior, even though it may seem scary (as it is intended to), is not a sign of “attack”, but a small animal’s best attempt at preserving its own life. For some reason, humans have a very hard time understanding this, and the incredibly simple way for everyone to leave safely: walk away. After a few photos, that’s what I did. Thanks for the heads up, snake.

Northern Cottonmouth Defensive Behavior

Posted on by Bryan Hughes

A Northern Cottonmouth from a quick trip to Texas in 2024. In about 6 hours, I lost count of how many there were. These are large, interesting snakes with complex social behavior, which are unfortunately well stuck in the monster that is the American urge to believe in nonsense.

All of them, as did every one of the hundreds of cottonmouths I’ve ever seen, did one of three things:

  • – Nothing at all
  • – Escaped ASAP
  • – Coiled, rattled its tail, and gaped like this

This pretty one was near my vehicle after I wrapped up a walk through the forest, followed by another just seconds later. I’ll be back for sure.

Defensive Western Diamondback Rattlesnake

Posted on by Bryan Hughes

A Western Diamondback Rattlesnake letting me know that it’s not a smart idea to come closer. This defensive behavior is often mischaracterized as aggression. While there are some cognitive gymnastics that could be done to force word choice, the misinterpretation of what these snakes are doing when in a pose like this often leads to the injury of both the animal and the person. Once a rattlesnake is seen, the danger is over unless the person chooses go approach it, ignoring these very clear signs.