Blacktailed Rattlesnake with a Banded Tail and Young Rattle

Black-tailed rattlesnakes often have faint light bands on their tails, which can be confusing to observers who believe that they can only be solid black. On this one, it’s just barely visible, appearing as black and dark grey bands in a ratio similar to a Western Diamondback Rattlesnake. These are not hybrids, as is often suggested by people online. A more accurate way of viewing an all-black tail from this species: a banded tail with variable lighter bands, which often darken to be indistinguishable from the darker ones.

The rattle on this snake is also complete, which includes the full button that the snake was born with. The small, last segment, shows the rounded tip (prebutton), and notch that it gained with that first shed skin. This creates a full button, which it may rattle without making any sound. The subsequent sections (not “buttons,” as they are often mistakenly called) are left with each shed skin, which a young snake may do several times in a year. The shape of the rattle, too, indicates its age here. The strong taper, with each segment being larger than the previous, says that this snake is growing quickly. Once growth slows and nearly stops, each segment will be similar or identical in size to the previous, indicating an older snake.

This one was found near Phoenix a few years back.

Coiled northern black‑tailed rattlesnake (Crotalus molossus molossus) camouflaged among rocks and dry twigs, tongue flicking and rattle visible.

The Arizona State Reptile – Arizona Ridgenosed Rattlesnake

Arizona has a state reptile that most people will never see, and relatively few know it exists. The Arizona Ridgenosed Rattlesnake.

An Arizona Ridgenosed Rattlesnake from the southeastern corner of Arizona. They’re small rattlesnakes, with most that I’ve encountered being less than two feet long. They’re not in the desert, but live in higher elevation oak forests and grassy hills. Even in areas where they are abundant, life-long locals usually greet questions about them with something that sounds like “a what?”

Here’s one we found awhile back in Cochise County, Arizona.

Blacktailed Rattlesnake with Faint Grey Bands

This Blacktailed Rattlesnake is typical of those you’ll see in the Phoenix area. They’re often a yellow/gold or greenish color, with quite a bit of variation in how much pattern is visible. The black tail may also show some faint grey bands, leading to some confusion as people look for a completely black tail to identify them. They are typically misidentified as a Mojave rattlesnake, due to the color and faint tail bands. This one was found on a night hike in a remote canyon, where it was one of several rattlesnakes active that particular evening.

Sonoran Lyresnake in Yavapai County, Arizona

We found this Sonoran Lyresnake on the move on a night hike in Yavapai County sevearl years back. This one is typical of the species for the area, with chaotic brown and tan blotches over a beige body, with a relatively disoganized look compared to some of the more cleanly banded version found elsewhere. They’re slightly venomous, feeding on lizards, rodents, and bats. It’s not harmful to humans, but I still avoid a bite like I would from any snake.

Devitt, T. J. (2006). Phylogeography of the Western Lyresnake (Trimorphodon biscutatus): Testing aridland biogeographical hypotheses across the Nearctic–Neotropical transition. Molecular Ecology, 15, 4387–4407. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03015.x

Mackessy, S. P., & Saviola, A. J. (2016). Understanding biological roles of venoms among the Caenophidia: The importance of rear-fanged snakes. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 56(5), 1004–1012. https://academic.oup.com/icb/article/56/5/1004/2420638

Female Banded Rock Rattlesnake From Santa Cruz County, Arizona

A female Banded Rock Rattlesnake from the Huachuca Mountains in Arizona. These small rattlesnakes are sexually dimorphic, with males often showing metallic green coloration along the back. Females are usually more subdued in comparison, like this typical grey and black banded look. These are one of a handful of protected rattlesnake species in the state.

Blacktailed Rattlesnake from Greenlee County, Arizona

A large Blacktailed Rattlesnake that we found in the mountains of central Greenlee County. This is a huge, wild area with few roads and much of the high elevation habitat inaccessible without a lot of effort. For that reason, it’s of special interest to me, with relatively few examples of snakes compared to other regions in the state.

These are on the larger end of rattlesnakes in Arizona, reaching lengths of around four feet. Their defensive behavior is all over the board. Most of the large ones will quietly just continue to leave, making them even more difficult to photograph, as they seem to remain unbothered by the camera-holding primates.

Beck, D. D. (1995). Ecology and energetics of three sympatric rattlesnake species in the Sonoran Desert. Journal of Herpetology, 29(2), 211–223.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1564558

Pough, F. H. (1966). Ecological relationships of rattlesnakes in southeastern Arizona with notes on other species. Copeia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1441401

Anderson, C. G., & Greenbaum, E. (2012). Phylogeography of northern populations of the Black-Tailed Rattlesnake (Crotalus molossus Baird and Girard, 1853), with the revalidation of C. ornatus Hallowell, 1854. Herpetological Monographs, 26(1), 19–57.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPMONOGRAPHS-D-11-00012.1

Arizona Ridgenosed Rattlesnake in Cochise County, Arizona

An Arizona Ridgnosed Rattlesnake from Cochise County, Arizona. This is a small rattlesnake that is found in a handful of mountainous areas in the southeastern corner of the state. A hiker may encounter one if they are in the Santa Rita, Patagonia, Huachuca, Canelo, or Whetstone ranges.

Interestingly, every rancher and long-term resident of those areas that I’ve personally spoken to about this species has no idea what I’m talking about. This mirrors many other instances that have taught me one thing: living in an area for a long time, even being born and raised there, does not grant any particular expertise of the animals that live there.

This snake has relatively weak venom for a rattlesnake, but it is still an emergency situation where antivenom should be sought after. It would be hard to find a situation where one would envenomate a person without actually picking it up.

Holzman, S. D., Massey, D. J., Clements, A., Boesen, K. J., & Shirazi, F. M. (2018). Arizona Ridge-nosed rattlesnake envenomation: Case report of a personal encounter with the official state reptile of Arizona, Crotalus willardi willardi. Toxicon, 151, 84–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.07.001